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Economy - overview: |
Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 5% to 6% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US $49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan. |
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GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $7.95 billion (2004 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate: |
10.5% (2004 est.) |
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GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2004 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 23.7%
industry: 24.3%
services: 52% (2004 est.) |
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Labor force: |
3.187 million (2000) |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000 est.) |
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Unemployment rate: |
40% (2002 est.) |
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Population below poverty line: |
60% (2004 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1998) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index: |
34.7 (1998) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
8% (2004 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed): |
22% of GDP (2004 est.) |
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Budget: |
revenues: $311.2 million
expenditures: $321.5 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (2004 est.) |
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Agriculture - products: |
cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats |
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Industries: |
aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
8.2% (2002 est.) |
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Electricity - production: |
15.08 billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 1.9%
hydro: 98.1%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption: |
14.41 billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports: |
3.974 billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - imports: |
4.359 billion kWh (2002) |
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Oil - production: |
250 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption: |
20,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports: |
NA |
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Oil - imports: |
NA |
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Natural gas - production: |
50 million cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption: |
1.3 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports: |
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports: |
1.25 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Current account balance: |
$-52 million (2004 est.) |
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Exports: |
$1.13 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Exports - commodities: |
aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles |
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Exports - partners: |
Latvia 13.1%, Switzerland 11.5%, Uzbekistan 11.3%, Norway 9.9%, Russia 8.2%, Iran 7.9%, Turkey 7.7%, Italy 6.6%, Hungary 4.4% (2004) |
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Imports: |
$1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Imports - commodities: |
electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs |
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Imports - partners: |
Russia 17.8%, Uzbekistan 13.4%, Kazakhstan 9.7%, Ukraine 6.3%, Azerbaijan 6.3%, US 5.8%, Turkey 4.3% (2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: |
$145.3 million (2004 est.) |
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Debt - external: |
$888 million (2004 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient: |
$60.7 million from US (2001) |
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Currency (code): |
somoni |
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Currency code: |
TJS |
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Exchange rates: |
Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.9705 (2004), 3.0614 (2003), 2.7641 (2002), 2.3722 (2001), 2.0763 (2000)
note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles |
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Fiscal year: |
calendar year
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